‘e 


Bulletin No. 64 , February 20, 1923. 
(Replacing Bulletin No, 22) ; 


M. M. a gabe 


Baan 
34.68) COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 
Gul of 21S a Ee ie 


DEPARTMENT OF IN?TEANAL APFATRS 
James I, Woodward, Secretary 


re = ce en at ms eaten tee ee ad 


BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAT SURVEY 
George H. Ashley, State Geologist 


a a tn a re ew te am cen te ee eaten An eR a a ne A a Ge RR ce ee, 
Fe a RE COE AS TS A EN a TE EE Ne a AE A NR NE el ee 5 ae 


COAL BEDS IN SOUTHERN SOMERSET COUNTY, PENINSYLVANTA 


By 


James D,. Sister 


ee eet even 


Introduction, 


somerset County ranks seventh in Fennsylvania as a bituminous 
coal producing county. In 1921 approximately 10,000,000 tons’of. coal 
were produced by commercial and custom coal mines; over 1,000,000 tons 
were produced in southern Somerset County. The coal from the Redstone 
and Fittsburgh beds is used. almost entirely for locomotive steam coal, 
and that from the other beds is shippea east for use in different 
industries for steam rurposes, and as domestic fuel. 


somerset County lies west of Allegheny Mountain and on the south 
line of the State. It is bounded on the west by Favette and Westmore- 
land counties; on the north by Cambria County; and on the east by 
Bedford County. The area dis scussed in this report’ lies south:ort the 
line of 40° North Latitude, which exvends east and west across the 
county, intersecting the southern borough limit of the tow of Somerset, 
Pee eovMshins producing coal) in) this: cCistrict: are: Addison, Elk: Lick, 
southampton, Summit, Brothers Valley, southern part of Somerset, 
Black, Milford; Midclecreek, and Upper and Lower furkeyfoot,. 


There are fourteen coal becs of mineable thickness in the district 
The Lower Kittanning, Upper Kittanning, Cage r Presport,; and), hedstone 
beds are the most important at sresont. Phe Brookville, Clarion, 
Lower Freeport, and ‘Pit tsbur gh (which Ls now aractically exhausted), 
produce more than 1,000,900 tons annually, The production from the 
remaining beds is confined almost entiz caly' to local use. 


Por many years the production of southern Somerset County was 
limited almost entirely to the Pittsburgh bed. In the last few years 
the Redstone bed has been mined vigorously, but its area is limited 
and it will soon be exhausted, However, there are many other beds, 
chiefly in the Allegheny formation, which are yet practically 


undeveloped and even unnrospected in large areas, These beas furnish 
the bulk of future production, Prospecting and geologic wavk in this 
district have established the fact that-the beds in the Allegheny and 
Conemaugh formations are generally thin, averaging, in most cases, 
less than 6 feet thick, .The beds are lenticular: invariably they are 
subject to roof and bottom "rolls" and in some places to wide "rock 
faults." In the next few years mining will be confined almost 
entirely to local areas where the beds are very regular and have 
excellent quality. With the installation of picking tables and 
Washeries not only will the quality of the Shipping. coal be bettered 
and demand increased, but much coal can be saved by shipping one or 
more grades from mincs. 


The main line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad enter@ this 
district at Hoblitzell, runs west to Meversdale, and follows 
Casselman River through the western boundary ofthe county. Numerous 
branches‘serve the district south of Meyersdale, Berlin, Pinehill, 
Somerset, and the coal mining centers in the Johnstown and Wilmore 
basins. The district is traversed by many improved roads most of 
which were recently constructed, The township roads are dirt and are 
kept in good condition, During times of excessive prices thousands of 
tons of coal are hanied over these roads to sidings, 


These excellent transportation facilities enable this district 
to Ship its coal readily, The greater vart of the production is dis- 
tributed along the Baltimore and Ohio railroad between @imberland and 
New York, Many tons are shipped yearly to tidewatér and to the lakes. 


Allegheny and Negro Moyntains‘are the chief topographic features 
of the county. Allegheny Mountain, separating Elk Lick and Greenville 
townships, is a high narrow ridge with a crest averaging 2900 feet 
above tide, ‘Jest ox this mountain lies the beautiful Berlin-Salisbury 
basin. This basin is 9 miles wide from the crest of Allegheny Mountain 
tO the crest of Negro Mountain. The center of the basin is decidedly 
hilly and cut by many streams, Allepheny Mountain has.a steep and 
rugged Slope, and Negro Mountain a gradual one. Casselman River flows 
in the center of the basin from Salisbury north to Meyersdaie, and 
northwest to Garrett. A few miles west of this place it cuts the 
broad high ridge of Negro Mountains The highest point so far dis- 
covered in Pennsylvania, 3210 feet, is on this mountain-about 6 miles 
northwest of Salisbury. ‘he Confluence-Johnstown basin, northwest of 
Negro Mountain, is extremely hilly; streams have cut deen channels and 
flow in V-shaped valleys.’ Laurel Hill forming, in part, the western 
boundary of this district, is anotner distinct topographic feature, 


SLRUC TURE. 


Six structural features, each having a general northeast-southwest 
trend, have been recognized and mapyed in a preliminary manner, They 
are, in order from east to.west: Welltrsburg syneliine; Savage Mountain 
anticline; Berlin-Salisbuzxy syncline (continuation of the Casselman 
Ssyncline of Maryland); Negro Mountain anticline (continuation of 
Accident anticline of Maryland); Confluence-Johnstowm synceline (Lower 
Youghiogheny syneline of Marvland); Laurel Hill anticline. 


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The Wellersbure syncline is a deep, narrow basin east of Allegheny 
Mountain. Its axis extends through the town of Wellersburg northeast- 
ward end passes near Williams Station on the main line of the Baltimore 
and Ohio railroad, Its total length in Somerset County is 10 miles, 
The deepest point in the basin is near Wellersburg where remnants. of 
the Monongahela formation cap the hilltops. The basin gradually rises 
northeastward and ends in Bedford County, 

Mount Savage anticline enters the State two miles southwest of 
Pocahontas and leaves the county two miles east of New Baltimore, The 
rocks dinvsteeply on both’ its flanks, The structure is regular and 
there is no pronounced variation of Jip in its total length of about 
18 miles in Somerset County. 


The Berlin-Salisbury basin, lying northwest of Allegheny Mountain 
anticline, enters the district on the State line 2 miles south of 
Salisbury, Its axis extends in‘a northeastern direction just west of 
Hitseuury. evyersdate |’ Pinehiil. and Berlin, It is.a typical canoe= 
shaped synceline, tne rocks rising rapidly to the crest of Allegheny 
Mountain on its eastern flank. The rise is more gradual and uniform 
on its western slopes, The dcepest part of the basin is just south of 
Meyersdale. From this point the axis rises gradually northeast to 
Berlin, and southwest, slowly at first, but increasing rapidly until 
the Fittsburgh bed is lifted out of the hilis near the Maryland State 
line. The axis of the basin is SLightiy tilted and as a result, the 
trough deepens southwestward-in the direction of the tilt. 


Negro Mountain anticline enters the district about 2 miles east of 
Oakton, extends along Shoemaker Run, Glace iountain, Lick Ren, 
Blackfield, and leeves the district about 3 miles southwest of | 
Shanksville, This anticline is broad, rising rapidly and highest in 
Addison and Hlk Lick townships where the lowest member of the Pocono 
formation is exposed, The axis gradually dips northeastward and the 
anticline flattens out in Black anc Brothers Valley townships, 


The Confluence-Johnstown basin lyinz northwest of Negro Mountain 
anticline, is broad and comparatively flat, being aporoximately 15 
miles wide from the crest of Negro Mountain anticline to the crest. of 
Laurel Hill anticline. The Conematgh and Allecheny formations are 
exposed in‘almost its entire area. The axis enters the county near 
Confluence, extends northeast and leaves the southern district near 
Lavansville, a few miles west of Somerset, This basin contains a 
minor anticline and syncline on its eastern flank near Rockwood and 
Casselman which were formerly Supposed to be a continuation of the 
Wilmore basin in northern Somerset County, The rocks rise slowly and 
evenly on the western flank. 


Laurel Hill anticline, on the western edge of the county, is a 
great fold that has brought the Pottsville and Mauch Chunk roeks to 
outcrop, Its axis is highest on the county line southeast of Wilpen; 
from that point it dips gradually north and south, 


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STRATIGRAPHY, 


The outcropning rocks of this district belong to the Quaternary, 
Carboniferous, and Devonian systoms,. 


the Quaternary system iS represented by river deposits of recent 
age composed of sands, clays, and gravel, which the streams have 
deposited on their flood plains in times of high water. This formatior 
is limited princinvally to the valley of Casselman River between Salis- 
bury and Garrett. The Carboniferous system is represented’by the 
Monongahela, Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk, and Pocono 
formations, The Devonian is represented by the Catskill anc Chemung 
formations. 


The Monongahela formation is confined entirelv to the hilltops 
in the Berlin-Salisbury and Wellersburge basins. It contains two work~ 
able coal beds, the Pittsburgh and the tedstone,. The formation is 
extremely shaly, but also contains two sandstones anc three or more 
limestones averaging about 4 feet thick, 


The Conemaugh formation outcrops along the flanks of the anti- 
clines in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, and along Casselman River and its 
tributaries west of Rockwood, It is composed chiefly of olive-gsreen 
and red shales with interbedded limestones and coal beds. In the 
entire thickness of 875 feet there are but few massive sandstones, 

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The Allegheny formation underlies practically the entire district, 
It outcrops on the flanks of the anticlines on both sides of the 
Berlin-Salisbury basin and along stream-valleys west of Rockwood, It 
is composed of massive sandstones, coal, and clay beds, shales, and a 
few beds of limestone. Its average thickness is 250 feet. 


the Pottsville formation outcrops on the western slope of 
Allegheny Mountain and forms a large area of surface rocks on the 
crest of Negro Mountain, It is composed of two or more massive sand- 
stones which are locally conglomeritic. Between these sandstones are 
intervals of shale which sometimes contain two or more impure coal 
beds. 


The Mauch Chunk formation is composed entirely of red and olive- 
green Shales, and thin layers of interbedced red sandstone, The 
Greenbrier limestone, occurring in three or four different :benches 
separated by red shale, lies at the base of this formation, and is 
locally quarriec for lime, The Msuch Chunk formation is not coal- 
bearinge 


The Pocono, Catskill and Chemung formations, outcropping only on 
the crests of Negro and Allegheny Mountains, are composed principally 
of shales, and a few massive sandstones that form the crests of the - 
ridges, 

COLDS 


‘The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the coal 
beds, their average thickness and the average intervals between then, 


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COAL BEDS IN SOUTHERN SOMERSET COUNTY. 














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Formation Bed ‘Interval | Thickness 
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SUMMARY OF COALS BY FORMATIONS. 


tJ 


tsville Formation. 





The Pottsville formation in southern Somerset County, contains 
three or more coal beds which are extremely impure and will never be 
commercially valuable. In large areas their horizon is represented 
by an impure bituminous shale high in ash, and Re many small 
concretions of iron carbonate and "sulphur balls 


Allegheny Formation, 


The Allegheny formation contains the greatest number of mineable 
coals, and most of the present production in this district comes from 
these beds, 


Brookviiie ("A") Coal. This ade lying at the base of the 
Allegheny formation and 45 feet below the Lower Kittanning, is very 
METS temG. one peu averares 5° tect thick, but is only, locally of 
Comercial quality,  inigenerel) the) bec. is very Thiek and ise \dividedq 
into many benches. by numerous shale partinges. he mercnantable coal 
is high in sulphur and ash. 


Clarion ("A aw Coal. This ted: lying 30 feet below the Lower 
Kittanning, averages about 2 feet 8 inches thick in the entire dis- 
trict. Locally PC teh fomea ba5 feet thick and a Lew commercial coal 


mines have been opened in it. Farmers have mined this bed in a few 
places for domestic use. The bed is characterized by many thin shale 
binders and many "sulphur bails," 


Tower Kittanning ("B") Coel. This bed averages about 2 feet 4 
inches thick and is fairiy clean. The sulphur and ash content is 
rather high for a-‘standarda Ri eoal,. This bed is mined on Buifalo 
and Coxe's creeks, and on-its eastern outerod in the Berlin-Salisbury 


basin, 


Middle Xittamning ("C") Coal, This nee lying 50 feet above the 
Lower Kittanning, is generally extrene ly impure where thickest. 
Locally the bed is less than 18 inches thick, but its ovnality is good, 
This bed has not been prospected or mined in this cistrict, 


Upver Kittanning Nee OE) Coal, This bed, lying 75 feet below the 
Upper | Freeport, | averages 3 feet Honaoke Oe 1s" ‘mined only in localities 
where it is thickest Le gs vA an a hg Buffalo, Coxe's; and Whites creeks, The 
bed contains numerous shale anc bone binders end is localiy high in 
ash and sulphur. When properly cleaned it is a good grade steam coal. 


Lower Freeport ("D") oe The Lower Freeport’coal, lying 50 
feet below the Upper Freeport, averages 3 feet thick, but is only 
locally of commercial value, ‘Phis bed is mined at a few places on 
Buffalo and Coxe's creeks. iyhen prices are high this bed is mined 


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With varying suecess in the vicinity of Rockwood where it has a maxi- 
mum thickness of 5 feet 4 inches including’impuritics, A large shale 
and bone binder near the middle of the bed, which is characteristic 
in most localities, increases production cost and lowers the quality 
of the run-of-mine ‘goal, as this binder cannot be SO EE a nl removed 
by picking, 


Upper Freeport ("E") Coal, The Upper Freeport coal is mined 
in the southern part of the Berlin-Salisbury basin and on Buffalo 

and Coxe's creeks, .This bed is generally thin, averaging about 30 
inches, and has Yairly good quality, The bed is subject. to»'’rolls" 


both .on roof and bottom, which makes mining rather hazardous. 


Conemaugh Coals. 
The Conemaugh formation contains 18 coal beds, five of which are 
locally workable, ‘These beds may have future impox “tance when the 
thicker beds are exhausted, 


Lower Bakerstown Coal (Thomas coal of West Virginia and 
Maryland). This bed, lying 240 feet above the Upper Freeport, is 
opened by farmers ’on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. The bed 
ranges from 12 inches to 2 feet 10 inches thick, Where thin the coal 
is excéllent, but in most localities the bed has numerous small bone 
partings,. 


Upper Bakerstown Coal (Maynadier coal of Maryland). ‘This bed, 
lying 40 feet above the Lower Bakerstown, averages about 2 feet 
thick in the Berlin-Salisbury basin, but ‘west of Yegro Mountain its 
horizon is represented by several feet of bituminous Shale, This 
coal has not been prospected to any great extent, but local outcrops 
indicate that it mav have some Ronin te, value. 


Barton Coal. The Barton coal; lying 490 feet above the Upper 
Freeport, averages 12 inches thick, and has excellent:‘quality,. 
Locally it has a maximum thickness of 2 feet 6 inches, and is mined 
by farmers for domestic fuel, The bed is extremely lenticular and 
subject to "squeezes," 


Wellersburg Co Coal, The Wellersburg coal at its type locality 
at Wellersburg in Southampton township, Somerset County, has a maxi- 
mum thickness of 5 feet, It has been opened for local use, This 
bed is thin and unimportant in Somerset Countv west of Allegheny 
Mountain. It lies 315 feet below the Pittsburgh bed in the Berlin- 
Salisbury basin, 


Lonaconing Coal (Elk Lick coal of Rodgers), The Lonaconing coal, 
lying about 160 feet below the Pittsburgh is very thin, except on 
Elk Lick Creek where it has a maximum thicknes 35 of 4 feet and is 
being mined for local use, 





_Monongahela Formation. 


The Monongahela formation is confined to 2 small area in the 
hilltops in the Berlin~Salisbury basin. 


Pittsbureh Coal, The Pittsburgh way which is now practically 
exhausted, has been the greatest producer from this formation, 
Mining is limited now to impure "crop" coal and the pulling of old 
pildlare. 





Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed, lying at an average interval 
of 25 feet above the Pittsburgh bed, is now the most important coal 
in the district south of Meyersdale, It averages about 4 feet thick 
but is inferior in ouality to the Pittsburgh bed, 


Sewickley Coal, The Sewickley and possibly the Waynesburg beds 
are in the hilltops south of Meyersdale. They are thin and will 
never be of commercial value because they have been leached by 
Surface water, The Sewickley bed occurs also in the summits near 
Ponen ie enti oernown toca lly as Pine Hill No. 1 bed... It:is being 
mined and shipped as a fair grade steam coal, 


i WELLERSBURG BASIN 


Southampton Township, 


The Wellersburg baSin is a continuation of the Georges Creek 
basin in Maryland. The Georges Creek basin has produced enormous 
tonnages‘of excellent steam coal for many years. Unfortunately the 
main bed, the Pittsburgh, becomes dirty and inferior in quality in 
the vicinity of Wellersburg. This small district has had a very 
small production and has never been fully prospected. Diamond drill- 
ing will probably prove that this field has one or more excellent 
coal beds in the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations, 


Pittsburgh Coal, PieworpauCuLOnN OL tals (istrict 3s contined 
40 the) Pittsbureh bed which occurs in the hilltops north of Wellers~ 
bipyegs.. The bed averages 6 feet thick; but only 5. feet 6 inches is 
merchantable coal, Many shale and bone partings make mining diffi- 
cult and the’ coal must be picked before it is shipped, The quality 
is below the standard of the Pittsburgh bed, the sulphur and ash 
content being rather high. 


The coals beneath the Pittsburgh bed have never been definitely 
correlated with those of Maryland. The lack of zeolosic work in 
this field warrants the use of information already collected by the 
Maryland State Geological Survey in adjacent territory. 


eee ene ees 


The Little Pittsburgh coal, opened near Wellersburg, ranges from 
2 feet 8 inches to @ feet 10 inches of clean coal of fair ouality, 
with one 2-inch bone parting, 





A bed of clean coal 20 inches thick is approximately at the 
horizon of the Pranklin coal of Maryland. There are four other coal 
beds in’ the Conemaugh formation, The first, in descending order, lies 
425 to 440 feet below the Pittsburgh bed, and has been opened for 
custom coal. It averages 4 feet thick, but is divided in the middle 
by shale partings ranging from 2 inches to 2 feet thick. The second 
bed lies approximately 490 feet below the Pittsburgh. It has not been 
prospected, but the thickness and quality on its outcrop indicate 
Slight commercial value. A coal 2 feet 10 inches thick has been 
reported 585 feet below the Pittsburgh:‘bed. The lowest Conemaugh coal 
lies 675 feet below the Pittsburgh bed, and averages 22 inches thick. 
Its commercial possibilities are slight. 


Allegheny Coals» 


A coal 740 feet beneath the Pittsburgh bed has been doubtfully 
correlated with the Upper Freeport. It is divided into two benches 
by a shale parting 6 to 12 inches thick; the upper bench ranges from 
2) to S Fest ne and the lower bench from 12 to 18 inches thick.. <A 
diamond drill record shows a 4 foot coal 50 feet below this bed. This 
thickness has not been verified. A bed lying 130 feet’below the 
supposed Upper Freeport is reported to be 5 féet thick, but of inferior 
quality, 


BERLIN-SALISBURY BASIN. 


Hlk Lick Township, 


Brookville ("A") Coal; ‘The Brookville coal, lying at the base 
of the Allezneny formation, outcrops near the surmit of Allegheny and 
Negro riountains. This bed "has been prospected & at numerous places and 
has been found to be extremely dirty and of no commercial value, 


Clarion ("Al") Goal, The Ularion coal, lying about 15 feet 
above tne Brookville, has also been prospeeted on the Slope of Negro 
and Allegneny mountains, but at no place was the quality good enough 
tO Warrant mining, Phe hed averages 2 feet 10 inches thick, of which 
only 18 inches is clean coal, 


Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal. The Lower Kittanning coal outecrons 
high up on the Slopes of Negro and Allegheny mountains. This bed has 
been prospected on the Davis Estate’on the cestern Slope of Negro 
Mountain. It averages 2 feet thick, and has good ee The future 
commercial importance of this bed is uncertain, 


‘Middle Kittanning ("0") Goal, The Midéle Kittanning coal. is e 
thin, irregular bed having no ) promise ODP re wwe LUO, bole absent 
in large areas and in others its horigon is represented by several 
feet of carbonaceous shale, 

Uoner sittannineg (ro!) Coal, - The Upper Kittanning coal, out- 


cropping on the Slopes of the basin, is locally very good,. This bed 
is subject to roof "rolls" andiis "faulted out in large areas, This 


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bed may be used locally in the future for domestic fuel, 


Lower Freeport ("Dd") Coal. The Lower Freeport is a thin, 
extremely irregular bed, outcropping on both flanks of the basin. 
Although the quality is ‘good, numerous prospects have found only 


local areas of merchantable coal. 





Upper Freeport ("E") Coal, The Upper Freeport coal, outcropping 
about halfway up the slope of Negro and Savage mountains, is being 
mined by drift for local use. This bed gives more promise of future 
value than any other coal in the Alle gheny formation. It averages 5 
feet thick in Elk Lick township. The largest production comes from 
the vicinity of Engle's Mills and Boynton where 3 feet is the common 
thickness, The physical character of the bed varies greatly in short 
distances, However, there are always two or more shale partings 
varying from 1 to 14 inches thick, The coal is soft and friable but 
is excellent for steaming purposes. This bed has also been opened by 
farmers for domestic use on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. On 
the headwaters of:Tub Mill Run it is 2 feet 4 inches thick and has 
excellent quality, but as this region is practically uninhabited and 
little prospecting has been done, it is impossible to say whether this 
thickness and quality is general, 


Conemaugh Coals. he Conemaugh coals outcrop on both flanks of 
the basin a have been se deca only on the eastern slope of Negro 
Mountain, particularly on Tub Mill Run. The Lower Bakerstown coal, 
opened for farm use, ranges from 18 inches to 3 feet 2 inches thick. 
It is extremely dirty. The Upper Bakerstown coal is thinner but of 
better quality. The Barton coal has been opened at one place on Tub 
Mill creek, and ranges from.2 feet to 3 feet 2 inches thick, Under- 
neath this is a 5 foot bed of clay excellent for making brick. 


Pittsburgh Coal, The Pittsburgh bed has been almost entirely 
exhausted in this towship. The bed averages about 7 feet thick. At 
Salisbury the coal is in five benches, 5, 12, 30, 36, and 33 inches 
thick, separated by several 1/8 BOWie inch bone partings. The Pitts- 
burgh’ bed ranges from 5 feet 6 inches to 6 feet 6 inches thick on 
Coal Run. It always has two or more thin bone partings, Production 
is limited to one stripping operation and a few mines which are 
pulling pillars and mining "crop" coal, 





Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed is mined by:drift well up on 
the slopes of the hills in the center of the basin, west and north- 
west of Boynton, The bed averages 4 feet 2 inches "thick. At 
salisbury it is 5 feet 2 inches thick including several thin shale 
partings; at Boynton the coal is 3 feet 8 inches thick not including 
two 6-inch shale partings; on Coal Run it averages 4 feet 4 inches 
THiCheMOw ACLU Ine ae TeetioOniimpure | root coad. |The main’ bed! is 
generally divided into two or more benches by l-to-4 inch bone part- 
ings, (The quality 2s much inferior, to that.of) the, Pittsburgh, but it 
is a good steam coal, Much of the Redstone bed in this township is 
lost by undermining in the Pittsburgh bed, 





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Sewickley Coal, The Sewickley coal, capping the hilltops northwest 
of Coal nun, is thin and impure, and will never be of commercial 
value, 


; Sumit Towmship. 

The Brookville ("A") and Clarion ("A'") beds, outcropping on both 
flanks of the basin, are thick but extremely impure beds without 
promise of future commercial value, 


Lower <ittamning ( ea ) Coat, This bed outcrops on the western 
Slope of Allegheny Mountain and on the eastern slope of Negro Mountain. 
It has not been prospected, but outcrop measurements range from 8 
inches to 2 feet 4 inches. Phe bed has one or more thin bone or shale 
partings, in addition to a one-half inch strealz of "“Suiphur"” on the 
tops 





Middle Kittanning ("C") __ Coal, The Middle Kittanning coal ranges 
from 18 inches to 4 feet thick. It has nov. been prospected, but it 
is doubtful whether it will be of commercial value even locally. 


Upner Kittanning (NOE) Coal, The Upper Kittanning coal out- 
crops on both flanks of the basin. ‘here opened at one locality on 
the western slope of Allegheny Mountain for farm use it is 2 feet 
thick and comparatively clean, The bed is mined for shipment in the 
vicinity of Garrétt where it averages 4 feet thick. It is divided 
into two or more benches by shale partings averaging one-half inch 
Diteky “nS lower bench) averaging ce inches, is very poor in quality, 
This bed has not been prospected to any great extent on the eastern 
Sloye of Negro Mountain, but outcrop indications are that it may 
Locally be, a fairly thick bed of good coal, 

Lower Freeport ("dD") Coal. The Lower Freeport coal ranges from 
8 inches to 3 feet thick in this township. It is opened for local 
use on the eastern slope of Negro Mommntain near Handwerk school, It 
is divided into two benches VV eimcies Oh tire (Clay » The Wappen 
bench isie feet 6 inches’ thick; the) lower bench, which is 2 feet 
thick, has many "knife Wiaiéur atv bone and pyrite. The only commer- 
eial mine in‘this bed is at Carrett where the bed averages 2 feet 10 
inches thick, including two thin bone partings, The cosl has fairly 
good quality. 


Conemaugh Coals, Tne Conemaugh coals are generally thin and 
unimportant in this township. They have not been prospected to any 
great extent and may prove to be valuable locelly. The Lower Bakers- 
town coal is openec on Casselman River one mile southeast of Garrett, 
where it averages 2 feet 6 inches thick inelyding one 4-inch shale 
parting and one $-inch bone parting. The cool is fair in quality, 

A cogl, locally’known as the Elk Lick, lving about 160 feet 
below the Pittsburgh, has been correlated in this report with the 
Lonaconing of Maryland, This bed has an unusvt2l local thickness of 
4 féet on Elk Lick Creek, It was formerly mined for local use. The 
physical character of the bed is extremely variable, but three or 
more shale partings from 1 to 2.inches thick are always present, ‘The 


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coal is rather high in ash and sulphur, 


Pittsburgh Coal. The Pittsburgh bed thins northward from Elk 
Lick township and the partings increase in thickness. South of 
Casselman River the production from the Pittsburgh bed is limited to 
the pulling of pillars in the old mines. On the hills. north of: 
Meyersdale, where the bed is extremely thin and poor in' quality, it 
is mined by drift. The bed ranges from 2 feet 8 inches to 4 feet 
thick, and contains two or more bone partings ranging from 3 to 10 
inches thick, Locally the bed contains numerous "sulphur balls.” 
One mile southwest of Miller school the bed is 5 feet 10 inches thick 
including a bottom bench of 30 inches of dirty coal which is not mined 
for shipment, and also a 6-inch bone parting 18 inches from the top, 
At Shaw Mines the Pittsburgh bed is divided into three benches. The 
top bench averages 5 feet 10 inches thick and has excellent quality. 
A 10-inch binder of shale (black-jack) separntes this bench from a 
middle bench which averages 7 inches thick. A 6-inch shale parting 
Separates the middle from the lower bench, which is 22 inches thick; 
locally these two lower benches are of good quality and are “loaded,” 
but they are left in most mines, 


Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed is mined by drift in the hill- 
tops south of Meyersdale, principally at Shaw Mines, It averages 4 
feet 6 inches thick, but invariably contains three or more thin bone 
partings which are removed carefully in mining. Although it does not 
have the thickness or quality of the Pittsburgh bed, it is extensively 
mined on the properties where the Pittsburgh bed has been mined out, 
It yields a large percentage of the total output of the basin, 


Brothers Valley Township, 


Brookville ("A") ana Clarion ("A") Coals. These coals have not 
been prospected to any great extent in this township. They outcrop 
well up on the slopes of Allegheny and Negro mountains in a practi- 
cally uninhabited district. During field work in this township in 
the summer of 1922 the writer observed these beds in many outcrops 
but is inclined to think that their commercial value is extremely’ 
uncertain, Locally they are thin beds having fairly good quality, 
but within a few yards they thicken up and partings come in that 
entirely destroy the value of the coal, 





Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal, This bed underlies practically the 
whole township, but in most localities can be mined only by shaft. 
Drill hole records and outcrop measurements indicate that this bed 
averages less than 3 feet thick, The only commercial development is 
at Macdonaldton where the bed averages about 6 feet thick, including 
one or more thin bone partings and a lower bench of impure coal 
ranging from 6 inches to 2 feet 9 inches thick, This lower bench 
usually is not mined for shipment but is taken uw» in rooms and head- 
ings for height, 


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Middle Kittaming ("C") Coal, The Middle Kittanning coal is 


thin and unimportant in this tovnship. Its horizon is generally 
represented by a few inches of carbonaceous shale, 





Upper Kittanning Meat Coal. The Upper Kittanning coal is one 
of the most important beds in Buffalo Creek valley northeast of 
Garrett. Many mines have been producing from this bed for several 
years, but large reserves'‘still remain. This bed underlies prac- 
tically the entire county, but is most easily accessible and of best 
quality on Buffalo Creek where it ranges from 2 feet 8 inches to 4 
feet 2 inches thick, averaging about 3 feet 4 inches. There are no 
Characteristic impurities in the main part of this bed but in most 
localities a few inches of bone coal are present both on top and 
bottom, Locally one or more thin bone binders are present. In 
Ronee localities the coal has been cut out entirely by sandstone 

aults." 


Lower Freeport ("D") Coal. The Lower Freeport coal is present 
in large areas in the township but is opened principally on Buffalo 
Creck, It is also opened in the castern and northern parts of the 
township for local use, On Buffalo Creek the bed ranges from 22 
inches to 3 feet 2 inches thick, and contains one or more local bone 
partings. The bed is very lenticular and is subject to "rolls" on 
roof and bottom,which make the thickness very irregular, The coal is 
high in ash and sulphur. 











Upper Freeport ("E") Coal. This bed is a thin but very good 
coal throughout the entire township. It is used for local fuel in 
the eastern and northern parts of the township, but its commerciel 
development is limited to Buffalo Creek valley,where it is easily 
accessible by drift well up the slopes of the hills. The bed 
averages 2 feet 6 inches thick, is very irregular, and-only locally 
contains one or two thin bone partings, In some mines, 12 inckes of 
dirty bony coal is on the bottom, This is mined only when additional 
height is desired, 








Pittsburgh (Pine Hill No. 2) Coal. As a result of several years 
Study by the Maryland and Pennsylvania Geological Surveys, tne Pine 
Hill No. 2 bed hasbeen correlated as the stratigraphic cquivalent of 
the Pittsburgh bed, and the Pine Hill No, 1 bed as the Sewickleys 
This correlation has met with the approval of mining enzincers in 
this district, 


The Pittsburgh bed is mined by drift in the vicinity of Pinehill 
where it ranges from & feet 8 inches to 4 fect 6 inches thick, The 
bed is never entirely free from impurities, A lower bench, ranging 
from 8 inches to 2 feet 10 inches thick, is usually full of "sulphur" 
Streaks, The upper part of the bed commonly is parted by two or more 
shale binders ranging from } to 12 inches thick. In general the bed 
is very regular. locally "sandstone faults" partly cut out the bed, 
This conl is used for steaming purposes, It is picked by the miners 
and on the car before Shipment. 


Redstone Coal, The Redstone bed is the stratigraphic ceonivalent 
of the Platt coal of the Second Pennsylvania Geological Survey. This 


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bed is extremely irregular in thickness and variable in quality, and 
no commercial mines are worked in it. Its horizon is usually 
represented by several feet of coal mixed with thick shale partings 
or carbonaccous shale, 


Sewickley (Pine Hill No. 1) Coal. The Sewickley coal is mined 
by drift near the tops of tho hills in the vicinity of Pinehill and 
Berlin. The bed ranges from o toot to 4 fect.6 inches thick, 
averaging about 4 fect, Invariably it has a bony coal or “draw slate” 
rool. | The main bed is separated by bone or shole partings ranging 
from = to 4 inches thick, into three or more benches. 





CONPLUENCE~-JOHNSTOWN BASIN, 
Black Township 


Brookville ('A"} Coal, The Brookville coal outcrops near the 
top of Negro Mountain anticline in Black township. The bed lics 
almost directly mpon the Pottsville conglomerate, and is irregular 
in thickness and variable in guality. Very fow openings have been 
DEIG ING S nea because Gl 2is inferior quality due chictly to thick 
bone and shale partings. Locally in the vicinity of Wilson Creek the 
bed is 7 feet thick, of which only 3 feet 6 inches is merchantable 
coal, high in pas and ashe 


Clarion cra! ") Coal. The Clarion coal outcrops on the crest 
of Negro Mountain and in the Coxc's’Creek valley.’ It is mined by 
drift in the vicinity of Blackfield, Wilson Creek, and Murdock. The 
ped averages 5 feet; G inches thick at Blackfield, including three or 
four shale partings usually about 8 inches thick, A lower bench 20 
inches thick is too dirty to'be mined profitably. The bed is very 
Lrreeutar bocause or “rock rolis” on the roof.* The Clarion coal 
averages 4 feet 2 inches thick at Wilson Creek, including two or 
three bone and-shale partings ranging from 4 io LO inches thick. 

The main bench, which is good coal, averages 3’feet 6 inches. At 
Milford the bed averages 5 feet 6 inches thick, including two per- 
Sistent shale partings ranging from 1 to 3 inches thick, and numerous 
“knife blades" of bone and "Sulphur," The bed is extremely variable 
in thickness and “sandstone faults" often entirely cut out the coal, 
Sulphur is common, occurring in the form of pyrite, The importance 
of this bed is normal times is slight. 





Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal, The Lower Kittanning coal out- 
crops on the hills on the castern bank of %nxe's Creek, “and is mined 
by drift at many places along the valley. The bed averages about 4 
feet thick, including impurities. The greater part of the merchant- 
able coal comes from a middle bench which ranges from 15 to 18 inches 
thick. This bench is separated from the top and bottom benches by 
$ to 2-inch shale partings. An impure bottom bench ranecs from e 
inches to 2 feet 4 inches thick. This bench is not mined for ship- 
ment but is taken up in rooms and headings for height. The bed is 





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3 feet thick at Rockwood, including a g-inch bone parting in the 
midcic and 6 inches of bone on the bottom. The corl throughout this 
district is high in sulphur owing to the presence of numerous "sul- 
phur” stresks and nodules, 


Middle Zittanning ("C") Coal, fhe Middle Kittanning coal is 
thin and unimportant in this township. Its horizon is marked by a 
few inches of impure bony coal. 


Upper Kittanning (not) Coal, The Upfer Kittanning coal outcrops 
in the valleys of Coxe'’s Creek and Casselman River, It has been’mined 
in few localities. The bed averages about 3 feet 4 inches thick, 
including numerous shale partings, locally the bed is divided into 
two benches by 3 to 4 fect of firc clay. The upper bench ranges from 
12 to 22 inenes thick; the lower one from 2 fcet 2 inches to 2 feet 8 
inches, This fire clay parting is characteristic in the vicinity of 
Casselman, 


Lower Freeport ("dD") Coai, The Lower Freeport coal outcrops on 
the hills on the eastern bank of Coxe's Creek, and on Cassclman River 
southwest of Roekwood the bed avernges about @ fect 6 inches thick, 
The top bench, which is 21 inches thick, is fairly clean and is 
scparated from an impure bottom bench by a bone and shale parting 
averaging 18 inehes thick. The bottom bench is rercly londed for 
Shipment, 


Upper Freoport ("E") Coal. The Upper Freeport coal outcrops 
and is mincd by drift high on the hills on the castern slope of Coxe’s 
Creek and on Cassclman River southwest of Rockwood, ‘The bed varices 
much in thickness and quality locally, and has no charnetcristic 
impurities with the exception of small lenses of pyrite, The bed 
vyarics from 2 fect 4 inches to 3 fect 8 inches thick in the Coxc's 
Creck valley, A top bench ranging from 18 inches to 2 feet 6 inches 
thick is fairly good coal, Below this main bench are seversl smaller 
benches of coal alternating with thick bone binders. This bottom coal 
i6 not mined, The coal is thickest under a shale roof, 


Southern Part of Somerset Tovmship. 


The Brookville ("A"), Clarion ("Af"), and Middle Kittanning ("0") 
Céals are not mined in this district. 

The Lowes Kittanning ("B"), Upper Xittanning (rginy and Lower 
Freeport ("D") coals have been opened for local usc, These beds nre 
extremely varinble in thickness and quality. During the period of 
high priccs cool from those beds was hauled by wagon and londed on 
Sidings, These beds are locally 3 feet thick, but decrease within 
short distances to a foot or less. 


' Upper Freeport ("EB") Coal. The Upper Freeport conl is mincd in 
the vicinity of Somersct, where 1% averages 3 feot 6 inches thick, 
The roof is bony coal, undernerth which is a bench of clem cocl 
ranging from 2 to & feet thick, Beneath this clean bench is three or 
four gmaller benehes of coal separated by thick bone portings. This 


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coal is not mined. A small and extremely irregular "rider" bed lies 
about 18 feet above the Upper Freeport, and ranges from 3 to 6 feet 
thick, This coal is canneloid in character and has an'iash content 
varying from 10 to 20 yer cent. At one or more places this bed is 
mined and sold locally as a cannel coal. 


Milford Township. 


All the coals in the Allegheny formation outcrop in Milford 
township. Only reconnaissance work has becn done in this vicinity, 
and no definite statements ean be mde of Aes quality and thickness 
the coals except in the valleys of Coxe! Creek and Cassclman 
LAV 6 


Lower Kittanning abe Deileded haty The Lower Kittanning coal is thin 
in this district, averaging & fect 2 inches thick. Its quality is 
good, the ash and Sulphur content being fairly low. The bed is 
romarkably froc from impurities and is very regular in thickness. 
Hast of Cassclman, along Casselman River, the Upper Kittanning coal 
is a double bed separated DY atnard fire clay parting ranging from. 2 
TOr, inches wnick, (The top bench is 2 fect-2. inches thick, not 
including 4 inches of bony coal on the roof, The lower bench is 4 
1eet 2 inches thick but has two thick bone partings. The lower 6 
inches is canncloid, 





Lower Freeport ("D") Coal, The Lower Freeport coal is mined on 
Coxe's Creek north of Rockwood, where it averages 3 feet 6 inches 
thick, <A bone parting ranging "from 7 to 14 inches a separates 


lad 


the bed into two benches, The top bench averages 2 fect 3 inches 
thick, and the lower one ranges from 8 to 20 inches a Locally 
there is another thin bench of coal on the bottom ranging from 2 to 6 
inches thick, This bench is not mincd, 


Middlecreek Township. 


Midélecreek township lics on the enstern slope of Isurel Hill and 
is very thinly populated. Railroad facilities are poor and little 
prospecting has been done on the coal beds, This Survey has not done 
detailed work in this township and can rinke no definite statements as 
to the thickness and quality of the coals, During 2 reconnaissance 
field trip made in the summer of 1921 the writer noted several 
promising outcrops in the vicinity of Barronvale and Fall Creek. 

These outcrops indicated that two or more beds are of mineable thicke 
ness and probsbly of fair quality, -No attempt has been made to 
correlate them, 


Upper and Lower Tfurkeyfoot Townships. 
The outcropping rocks in this area belong to the Allegheny and 
Conemaugh formations, None of the Conemaugh coals are merchsantable 


at the present timc. The Upper Kittanning is the most important bed 
in these two townships. 


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The Brookville ("A"), Clarion ("A"), and Middle Kittaming ("0") 
Coals vary so much in thickness and quality that they have never been — 
commercially developed. They may, however, prove to be of value 
locally when more prospecting has been done, 














Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal. The Lower Kittanning coal is thin 
in the vicinity of Casselman, averaging 2 feet 2 inches, but has very 
good quality. It has been successfully mined by the use of longwall 
Scraper loaders, 





Upper Kittanning (10/") Coals § The Upper Kittanning coal, the 
important coal in these townships, ranges from 4 to 9 feet thick, 
including many impurities. It is characteristically a double bed 
Separated into two benches by a fire clay or shale parting ranging 
from 2 to'4 feet thick, "Draw slate" 4 to 6 inches thick is present 
at the top of the bed, The upper bench ranges from 16 inches to 2 _ 
fect 4 inches thick. Locally it is clean but generally has one or 
more thin shale partings. The lower bench ranges from 4 inches to 2 
feet 8 inches thick, and locally is so dirty that it is mined for 
height in rooms and headings, The fire clay parting between the two 
benches is used for floor in mining the upper bench. At Humbert the 
Upper Kittanning coal avernges 2 fect 10 inshes thick. A shale 
parting from 2 to 4 inches thick is invariably present & to 6 inches 
above the bottom, Except for this one binder the coal is clean. The 
sulphur content is medium and the ash is low. 


Lower Freeport ("D") and Upper Freeport ("E") Coals. The 
Freeport coals outcrop high on the hills on each side of Casselman 
River, They have not been mined. The little prospecting that has 
been done indicates‘that they are thin but very good quality. The 
Upper freeport conl, in particular, has promise of value when the 
more important beds have been mined out, At Humbert’the Upper Free- 
port coal has 2 maximum thickness of 5 feet 6 inches, including 
impurities. The top coal, 26 inehes thick, is usually 2 good clean 
coal, ‘The middie part of the bed has numerous thin bony partings, 
The bottom coal, ranging from 10 to 24 inches, has good quality. 





Addison Township, 





Brookville ("A") ana Clarion ("A'") Coals, The Brookville ana 
Clarion coals do not outcrop in Addison township. These conls have 
never been prospected to any great extent but are generally belicved 
to be thin, dirty, and unimportant, 


Lower Kittanning ("B") Coal, The Lower Kittanning coal outcrops 
at one or two places on Whites Creek, At Harnedsville it is 2 fect 
10 inches thick, including numerous partings of bone and "sulphur." 
At Listonburg the bed occurs in one bench averaging 4 feet 4 inches 
thick, but is extremely dirty ond high in sulphur, containing many 
thin shale partings and numerous lenses of iron pyrite. 


Upper Kittanning (10/1) Coal, The Upper Kittanning coal is the 


most important bed in the Confluence-listonburg district where it is 










hypinieore ced ham 








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neh 


ron 


a a 


mined in mony places by drift, Its importance hos so overshrdowed 

the other corls that they hnve never been prosvected to any grent 
extent. They are present, but their thickness an@ quality do not 
justify development at »resent, at ieast while lerge ecrsases of the 
Upser Kittamning bed remain unmined. The Upper Mittanniiig coal 
averages 3 feet 4 inches thick in the vicinity of Confluence. The top 
24 inches is clean coal; the bottom 16 inches includes 1 4nch of shale 
parting and’4 inches of bone coal at the base, At Harned.iville the 
upper‘bench, 3 feet thick, is separated from the lower bey,ch 10 inches 
thick, by an 8-inch fire clay parting. At Beachley the bed ranges 
from 3 feet 2 inches to 4 feet thick. It is never entirel.” clean, 

but the partings are not persistent. In one mine, where the total 
thickness is 3 feet 8 inches, 12 inches at the top is a mix'Sure of 
alternating bands of bone and coal. The remainder of the bed is clean. 
At another locality the bed is 4 feet thick and is clean with the 
exception of a $ inch shale parting 24 inches above the bottrm. 


Upper Kittaming ("0’") Coal. The Upper Kittanning coal is mined 
extensively in the vicinity of Listonburg where it ranges fron: 5 feet 
to 4 feet 4 inches thick, The coal is high in sulphur and ash. With 
the installation of picking tables and washeries, this distrieu. would 
be able to increase its production, ship two grades of coal, and lower 
the percentage of loss in mining. In this vicinity the physica. 
character of the bed varies sreatly in short distances, Where thinnest 
the bed usually has no characteristic impurities with the exception of 
small lenses of bone and iron pyrite. Where thickest it is usually 
divided into one or more benches by one or more thin bone partings, 

and locally has 4 to 14 inches of bone coal on the bottom. This bone 
coal is not taken up in mining, — 


Shower Freeport ("D") and Upper Freeport ("E") Coals. The 
reeport coals have been prospected at several points along the valley, 
but only locally do they have the good quality and thickness of the © 
Upper Kittanning, The Upper Freeport coal probably is the better bed, 
but rarely is over 2 feet thick. It is mined in the vicinity of 
somerfield where the bed ranges from 4 to 6 feet thick, including a 
clay parting in the middle ranging from 16 inehes to 2 feet 4 inches 
thick. The upper bench is a good cuality of coal, but the lower bench 
is locally very impure. The geology of this district has not been 
studied in detail, and as the reports of prospecting are very meager 
it is impossible to give any definite information, Numerous outcrops 
indicate that two or more beds may have future value as they may be 
mined in ¢gonjunction with beds of limestone and fire clay. 


-~ 18 - 















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| bac yateaaienale isit 9 QO aA: AR! Sa ai Oe Re 
i Na wa ie eae eae ee OS Bete ah meta Cs 
i ‘ ee ak Se Pe ee JOO Re, ba hs eotata phan tM < e ” 
i ‘ ‘ f J 4 “y 4 ’ ra ' Pi ‘ 
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Bed 


1. Sewickley 
2. Redstone 
3e Redstone 
4, Redstone 
5. Pittsburgh 
6, Pittsburgh 
7. fLettsburgh 
8. Pittsburgh 


9,- Pittsburgh 
10, Barton 

ll. Lb, Bakerstown 
iz, i, Bakerstow 
eye Moe EEG DONG 
i4, U, Freeport 
tia Uy Preeport 
16, UU, BPreeport 
Lt,  U, @respost 
18, Up reeport.t - 
toe Ue hi toanning 
20, . U. Kittanning 
el, -U, Kittanning 
fo.) Meee Vannin Ss 
eo, Us Kittanning 
bo. Ly citvanning 
20, iL, Kittanning 
26, - gekittannineg 
Per) eae Onn Oe 
28, iy Kittanning 
29, L, cittanming 


5O,)) Clarion 


Locations from which samples were obtained are shown by 
eorresponding numbers on following page. 





TABLE OF ANALYSES. 





eae es 





Babess 


13904 
13016 
13243 
Lame 
14163 
14108 
oie 
12623 
13316 
14060 
WOO 90 
La7 96 
13240 
13620 
13690 
13470 
13343 
13269 
13361 
13284 
Loied 
13157 
13887 
13980 
3607 
13758 
12924 
13005 
13637 


Loen9 







Noe rae i ion 
ave ae t aheehdegg antes laid Tee 


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| me WY, ; 
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Mines and Sample Locations. 


Ce a a en a i ee a ete 





No. Company Mine Location 
1.4, Consolidation Coal Noyite Pine Hill, 2 mi ‘sW 
2. Meyersdale Fuel No. 3 Meyersdale, 6 mi. S 
3. Grassy Run Coal Grassy Run No. 1 Salisbury, 23 mi. NW 
4, Consolidation Coal No. 105 Shaw Mines 
5. Boynton Coal Co. Chapman No. 3 Salisbury; 3/4 mi. W 
6. Meyersdale Fuel Merchants No. 3 Salisbury, le mi. NE 
7. Consolidation Coal No, 104 Shaw Mines: 
8. HE. Statler & Son Statler Meyersdale, = mi. NW 
2. Consolidation Coal No. 113 Pine Hills Gami sow 
10, Ward Compton Country Bank Salisbury? 2 mi. NW 
ll. Henry Opal Country Bank salisbury,’‘3 mi. NW 
12. Black Coal Co, Black Meyersdale; S mi. MW 
LS, Fike Country Bank Meyerscale; S mi. 5 
14. Lloyd Engle Country Bank Meyersdale, ls mi. SE 
15. Handwerk Country Bank Summit Millis; 3 mi. NW 
16. Johnson i Country Bank Summit Mills, ¢ mi. NW 
174° iMcAllen Coal Garey Garrett, (do. ini i 
18. Quemahoning Coal No, 10 Rockwood, # mi. W 
19. Tri-State Collieries Garrett Slope Garrett, lg mi. N 
20, Marine Smokeless Coal Marine Casselman, = mi. W 
el, Ursina Fuel Mill Mine Ursina 
22. UListonburg Coal . Miller Listonburg- 
25,  ------ Linmer Confluence, 43 mi. SE 
24. Davis Prospect Salisbury, 3‘mi. NW 
25. Brothers Valley Coal Fen Mar No. 2 MacDonaldton, 15 mi. SW 
e6, Brothers Valley Coal Pen Mar No. 3 MacDonaldton 
27. M, A. Sriyder Snyder Markleton, + mi. 3 
25. J, M. Murdock & Son Milford No, 2 Rockwood; 6 mi. N 
29, MeGregor Coal MeGregor No. Rockwood, 4 mi. N 
30, Atlantic Coal Atlantic Ne. Garrett, 5 mi. NW 


wn 


2 077640487 


